Friday, January 15, 2016

Psychic Epidemics


I read the news today, oh boy… we seem to be living in an age of craziness, all around the world.  I am reminded of the famous psychologist, Carl Jung, and his notion of psychic epidemics.  He was born in 1875, as the Industrial Revolution was turning many societies inside out.  It was a gold rush for psychologists, because mental illness was soaring in advanced societies.

Urbanization led to the “insectification” of city dwellers, which fueled the emergence of mental imbalances.  The human mind evolved to function nicely in small groups, not large crowds.  The neurotic urban hordes bore no resemblance to the Pueblo Indians that Jung had met in New Mexico.  He was fascinated by his encounter with these shockingly sane and content humans, and he spoke fondly about them throughout his life.  “Such a man is in the fullest sense of the word in his proper place.”

Three issues spooked Jung.  The world wars, with their new and improved technology, took death and destruction to unimaginable new levels.  Nuclear war was a big threat, but it was avoidable, in theory.  What scared him most was population growth, a runaway train with no brakes.  World population nearly doubled in his lifetime.  It had soared to almost three billion when he died in 1961.  “Masses are always breeding grounds of psychic epidemics.”

Jung was horrified by the rise of Hitler.  “The most dangerous things in the world are immense accumulations of human beings who are manipulated by only a few heads.”  Germany suffered from an inferiority complex following its defeat in the First World War.  The collective unconscious of the Germans begged for a savior, a Messiah.  Hitler helped them compensate for their shame by leading them on a heroic adventure in megalomania.  He had a remarkable ability for bringing the nation’s unconscious into his conscious awareness.  He told the people exactly what they wanted to hear.

After Hitler’s defeat, Jung concluded, “The phenomenon we have witnessed in Germany was nothing less than the first outbreak of epidemic insanity, an eruption of the unconscious into what seemed to be a tolerably well-ordered world.”  I don’t believe that this was “the first” such epidemic.  Many, like the Inquisition, preceded the Nazis.

Jung died 55 years ago, before the first Earth Day.  Since his death, population has more than doubled again, and continues to soar.  Climate change is getting warmed up for unleashing centuries of big surprises.  The sixth mass extinction is now officially recognized.  The list of ongoing catastrophes is long and growing.  On his deathbed (1961), Jung had a disturbing vision.  In 50 years (2011), “I see enormous stretches devastated, enormous stretches of the earth.  But, thank God, it’s not the whole planet.”

Jung warned that, “It is becoming ever more obvious that it is not famine, not earthquakes, not microbes, not cancer, but man himself who is man’s greatest danger to man, for the simple reason that there is no adequate protection against psychic epidemics, which are infinitely more devastating than the worst of natural catastrophes.”

Jung was perplexed by the notion of consciousness, a slippery concept.  Consciousness includes being aware of what our senses are telling us about the here and now.  It allows us to think about people and events in different times and places, and share this knowledge with others.  We are very self aware, and know that we will die.  We can think in words, and use words to assemble reasoned concepts and abstract ideas.

Among our wild ancestors, the development of consciousness was minimal.  They had what Jung called the “original mind.”  A wild lad could put on a lion mask and literally become a lion, in his mind.  Modern insurance salespeople can’t do this, because they have been trained in the differentiated consciousness of civilization, which makes the original mind unconscious.

Jung believed that consciousness in humans developed slowly over a very long time.  By 4000 B.C., consciousness in civilized societies was approaching its modern form.  He noted that primitive people were less conscious than we are.  At the same time, even in its advanced form, consciousness remained highly unstable, far from finished.  Consciousness is merely the mind’s thin surface, floating on an unconscious ocean.  Throughout every day, our minds flutter in and out of consciousness, frequently drifting off into daydreams and fantasies.  Conscious thought is tiresome, requiring deliberate effort, while fantasyland is effortless.

Education factories indoctrinate students with the notion that reason is the guiding force in our nation’s affairs.  But our ability to reason is flimsy.  Like the Germans of the 1930s, we are always vulnerable to slick talking advertisers, politicians, and woo-woo hucksters.  Those with skills for prodding unconscious fears, doubts, and desires will find many sitting ducks to corral and exploit.  Here’s my favorite Jung line: “Our present lives are dominated by the goddess Reason, who is our greatest and most tragic illusion.”

Jung was an important pioneer in exploring the unconscious, home of the ancestral soul, which stores content that is millions of years old.  We drift into the unconscious whenever we dream, or daydream.  When we remember dreams, we can bring unconscious content into the realm of our consciousness.  This content can provide important guidance, or solutions to inner conflicts.  Instinct can often see the elephant that the conscious mind blocks out.  Instinct is our ally.

Jung believed that, “Loss of instinct is largely responsible for the pathological condition of contemporary culture.”  We are cut off from our roots, making us childish and infantile.  Some primitive people remain connected to their ancient instincts, and are therefore more stable.  Their dreams guide them through life.  They inhabit a reality that is sacred, beautiful, and alive with wonder. 

Non-human animals obviously have some degree of consciousness, but a form far different from that of the glowing screen people.  Unlike many domesticated critters, wild animals are not neurotic basket cases.  Nor are primitive people, who do not suffer from advanced stages of consciousness.  People with advanced consciousness have conquered the Earth, but Jung wasn’t sure if “this is an advantage or a calamity.”  He could not escape the paradox that consciousness is “both the highest good and the greatest evil.”

Sometimes, Jung wondered if the solution was to deliberately pursue the further development of consciousness, complete our unfinished quest, and become perfectly reasonable.  But based on his long experience with many damaged souls, this notion seemed to be ridiculous and impossible.  At the same time, “we cannot develop backwards into animal unconsciousness.”  But we are, in fact, animals.  When we squirted out of the womb, our standard issue equipment included an animal mind, with an excellent instinct collection.  This mind was fully capable of spending its entire existence operating without words, tools, fire, or clothing, like all other animal minds.

In both wild kids, and kids born in captivity, rudimentary self-aware consciousness (ego) emerges when a child is about four.  Kids born in civilization go on to absorb a highly unstable civilization-grade form of consciousness.  It’s fascinating to contemplate children who did not receive consciousness programming, like the girls raised by wolves, or the wild boy Tarzancíto.

For Jung, the magic word was individuation, which means becoming who you are, like a unique acorn develops into a unique oak tree.  Every newborn is a unique being, not a blank slate.  The mass mind of industrial society could care less about that unique being.  The mass mind expects everyone to become mindless status seeking robo-consumers.  But the ancient original mind expects us to use our gifts, and pursue our calling.  Individuation allows us to develop a strong and healthy relationship with the rest of the family of life, so we can avoid being swept away by psychic epidemics.

Individuation does not happen automatically, it requires effort to set foot on your own path.  Our ancestors benefitted from initiation ceremonies, in which adolescents received important visions that revealed their identities and destinies.  Modern society provides no such assistance, hence the mobs of robo-consumers.

“People will do anything, no matter how absurd, in order to avoid facing their own souls.”  The path to healing requires looking inward.  Deliberately move away from the torrents of distractions that bombard our society.  Seek solitude and nature.  “Imagination and intuition are vital to our understanding.”  Intuition is perception via the unconscious.  It opens channels to the unconscious, and draws up the life.  Humankind has enormous conflicts to resolve.  The experts of our society are largely out to lunch, still lost in toxic hallucinations of perpetual growth and material wealth.

So, Jung does not give us the secret formula for mass enlightenment and a heavenly utopia.  Instead, he gives us a mirror.  Humankind can only heal individual by individual.  There are mountains of books describing the ecological damage we cause.  Far less attention has been given to the psychological twists and turns that have brought us to the brink.  Maybe we don’t need to study Mars.

The Earth Has a Soul is an excellent book that presents Jung’s commentary on our relationship with nature.  In Man and His Symbols, he explains his core ideas to general readers.  Jung wrote the autobiographical Memories, Dreams, Reflections.  C. G. Jung Speaking presents a series of notable interviews and letters.  Diagnosis: Psychic Epidemic is an essay by Paul Levy.

11 comments:

henryomad said...

Interesting to learn that Jung had a good insight into the world. I was under a different impression because of the state of modern psychology. I should not judge someone by the actions of those who read his works and claim to have been influenced by him!

Thanks Rick. Interesting, as always.

Riversong said...

Another who "told the people exactly what they wanted to hear" was the corporate ad-man Ronald Reagan. In his first inaugural address, he intoned that “government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem”, and that salvation would come from individuals exercising their God-given freedoms.

That also began a "psychic epidemic" of idolatrous individualism, which has led directly to the current militant occupation of an Oregon wildlife refuge that demands that the guv'mnt get out of our public lands (but continue subsidizing private endeavor - as the key figures in the takeover are welfare queens, taking freely from the public teat).

For the full story on the Occupation at Malheur (lit. "misfortune"), including the cultural, political and historical context, Google "Range War Redux – Bundy Boys In Oregon".

What Is Sustainable said...

Riversong, there's also a New York billionaire running for president who seems to have tuned in closely to the collective unconscious.

I like your essay. The rebellion in Burns is certainly pathetic. The wahoos just want unlimited freedom to create a wasteland. Thanks!

Range War Redux – Bundy Boys In Oregon

What Is Sustainable said...

Henry! Jung was definitely an outside-the-box thinker. He is not the grandfather of the modern pill-pushing school of psychiatry. He would detest it. He was remarkably intuitive, but he did struggle with the paradox of the wonders of modernity versus the extreme cost of those wonders. Humankind presented him with an ultra-complex riddle that he was unable to resolve. If he had spent more time with wild people, I think he would have seen the riddle in better focus.

Thom Hawkins said...

The perfect review to begin the New Year. Thanks. I felt deprived during the holidays without your reviews.

What Is Sustainable said...

Hi Thom! Thanks! Happy New Year!

Matt Colombo said...

Thanks for the post, Richard.

I particularly like your last two paragraphs.

"The experts of our society are largely out to lunch, still lost in toxic hallucinations of perpetual growth and material wealth." I can really relate to this, having been on the path to becoming an expert on microbial transformations of mercury, and seeing the path that it was leading me down. I was studying the havoc that industrial wastes wreak without having the power to do anything about it. As your writing above alludes to, the intent of one's expertise is important. Many experts that study the pollution of industrial civilization are trying to "manage it" rather than do something to prevent it. Once we start to take the approach of accepting industrial civilization as inevitable, we leave aside the bigger task, which is to figure out how to live without industrial civilization.

"Maybe we don't need to study Mars." Agreed. We have SO much to deal with here on Earth. Not only questions of society, but questions we need to ask of ourselves. "The path to healing requires looking inward."

What Is Sustainable said...

Hi Matt!

Yeah, there aren’t many high-paying careers in ecological sustainability. Industrial civilization has very different needs. In the last two years, I spent months trawling through the websites of 1,086 universities in the English-speaking world, looking for classes in environmental history, human ecology, environmental ethics, and so on. I got names and email addresses of the instructors, and sent 3,021 promo letters, introducing them to my blog.

In the process, I was able to take the pulse of academia. It remains a hotbed of the perpetual growth cult, deeply committed to sustainable growth and sustainable development. It was so sad to see that, so late in the game. Last week I learned that this is a consequence of the “corporatization” of academia, a game where tenure provides no assurance of intellectual freedom. The instructors teach the next generation of school teachers, and the teachers teach the next generation of kids.

I was listening to Chief Oren Lyons today. “There is no mercy in nature. None. It has only law, only rule. If you don't abide the rule, you suffer the results.” Well said!

Kia Wright said...

Fantastic essay. Thank you for sharing.

Kathy M said...

You hit the nail on the head with the prescient assessment of Trump in your comment above. Kind of a collective psychosis going on.

Marmalade said...

I've been a fan of all things Jungian for almost several decades now. I probably first came across Jung in the mid-90s. And I've often returned to Jungian ideas over the years: archetypes, shadow, personality typology, etc. But as I reach middle age, I do see some factors missed by Jung. Maybe they were less apparent to most back then. Though some of Jung's contemporaries did note these other pieces.

As Jung saw among the Pueblo Indians, Dr. Weston A. Price observed among numerous healthy traditional populations. The latter's research linked it to physically health conditions, specifically diet. And he noticed nutrient-density was always present with those who had the most resistance to infectious diseases. But for the purpose here, most relevant was what Price called 'moral health', a mix of mental health and pro-social behavior.

Jung medically treated patients during the Spanish Flu pandemic. And he was living through that same period when Price wrote on the declining physical healthy of modern Westerners. But unlike Price, Jung didn't make that connection. Modern research indicates that it might of central importance: behavioral immune system, parasite-stress theory, etc.

Infectious diseases do spread with population concentration. So, Jung got that part right. But he didn't seem to quite be able to make the connection. It's not merely population concentration for it's only when it's combined with immunocompromise and sickly conditions. All of the countries that turned to totalitarianism had high rates of infectious disease.

Still, everything Jung says can be true. It's just we need to understand the initial conditions that make possible the unleashing of these dark forces. Even small, sparse populations will show the same results of authoritarianism when sickly. It's just national and global pandemics show this pattern on a grander scale and so are more obvious.